The Operation Of The Smart System Construction Essay

The Operation Of The Smart System Construction Essay Kuala Lumpur is the capital of Malaysia and turns into a notable worldwide city with an enormous number of tall structures. Klang River flooded its bank and overflowed the city which between Tun Perak Bridge and Dang Wangi Bridge on 26 April 2001. Other than that, Kuala Lumpur has an exceptionally thick populace and the vast majority of the occupants are driving their own vehicle to works. This considerably brings a genuine blockage particularly during working hours. Government has chosen to detail the Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) undertaking to alleviate the floods and simplicity of traffic clog which is helped out through a joint endeavor agreement between MMC Corp Berhad and Gamuda Berhad with the Department of Irrigation And Drainage Malaysia and the Malaysian Highway Authority. Each super undertakings on the planet will experience long process during the structure stages so as to deliver a best and special item. Shrewd undertaking additionally confronted a similar circumstance and it has its own uniqueness whereby it joins the wet and dry passage in an auxiliary component. The SMART Project is an imaginative arrangement that it fills a double need of mitigates the floods and simplicity of traffic clog at Kuala Lumpur. For the most part, the SMART passage comprise of a detour burrow built from underground from the upstream of Kang River towards Taman Desa which is about 9.7km long. Other than that, there will be a holding bowl in Kampung Berendam, a capacity supply at Taman Desa, a twin box course structure and control entryways structures. Savvy burrow is built by utilizing the passage exhausting machine strategy. The passage is developed into two decks motorway which is the upper deck and lower deck. In addition, at the base of lower deck, there will be a spot for the water to channel through the passage. The security of the passage is consider as acceptable on the grounds that it is encircled by close circuit TV, 24 hours of watch, outfitted with the essential firefighting gear, medical aid and crisis telephone in case of crisis occurred. Different highlights of passage are acceptable ventilation to keep up the air quality in the passage by utilizing solid ventilators. This SMART passage composed another page of building innovation in Malaysia by get a couple burrowing innovation, for example, burrow exhausting machine. It unquestionably demonstrated another progression took by the administration in upgrades the national transportation framework and flood issue also. 1.2 Problem Statement Kuala Lumpur is an operational hub for Malaysia⠿⠽⠿â ½s economy and it is a capital of the Malaysia. Consistently, there is an event of overwhelming floods around there and brought about broad harms. The city is likewise liable to traffic clog because of the populace increment in the city. So as to address the issue, government chooses to manufacture a Smart Tunnel to tackle the both issue helped out through a joint endeavor agreement between MMC Corp Berhad and Gamuda Berhad with the Department of Irrigation And Drainage Malaysia and the Malaysian Highway Authority as the executing government organizations. Savvy Tunnel is filling a double need which is simplicity of traffic clog and mitigates the floods issue in Kuala Lumpur. Nonetheless, Kuala Lumpur⠿⠽⠿â ½s SMART Tunnel isn't looking so savvy any longer as the there is event of overwhelming flood at Jalan TunRazak and Kampung Baru (The Star Online, 2011).Besides that, the substantial traffic clog in Kuala Lumpur still can't be understand even the SMART passage has been built with its optional capacity which is serve to facilitate the traffic issue. So as to see better on how the SMART passage works, keep up and the viability of its capacity, it is important to do an examination on how the water is occupies and how it⠿⠽⠿â ½s serve to facilitate the traffic at Kuala Lumpur. 1.3 Aim and Objectives Title A Study and Evaluation of SMART Projects in Malaysia Point To set up the reasonable model of SMART activities in filling the double need of flood moderation and simplicity of street blockage. Goals The goals of the examination are (I) To determine the working framework and support arrangement of SMART passage. (ii) To recognize the viability of the keen passage in moderate flood and simplicity of traffic clog. (iii) To contemplate the advantages of SMART passage by looking at when the development of SMART passage. 1.4 Scope of Study In this examination proposition, three principle perspectives will be engaged and completed, for example, the working and upkeep arrangement of SMART Tunnel. This is essentially concentrate on how the SMART passage responds; work when there is an overwhelming flood and how is the support arrangement of the SMART passage. Other than that, an investigation on the viability of the SMART passage will be done. Advantages of the SMART passage will be concentrate by contrasting the when of the development of SMART passage. Then again, the other three angles that won't be center all through the examination proposition will be the administration arrangement of the SMART passage, the correlation on the presentation of the structure under seismic stacking when there is an event of quake and the development strategy utilized in building SMART passage. 1.5 Research Methodology Strategy in a streamline term can be characterized as a term whereby it empower the research⠿⠽⠿â ½s objective and goals can be accomplished successfully. Along these lines, it is significant that a precise system should complete so as to gather all the fundamental and significant data to get a best outcome for the investigation. For the most part, the approach of this examination proposition is as per the following: First stage (Literature Review) In this stage, the investigation will start with the detailing of examination point, goals and issue proclamation. At this beginning time, a portion of the optional information will be use as reference, for example, articles, reference books and paper. Optional information is utilized in this phase so as to comprehend the subject completely in this manner defines the point, issue explanation and goals of the examination proposition. Second stage (Interview/Questionnaire/Case Study) After the definition of point, targets and issue proclamation, other vital data will accumulate from essential information. The important data will be gained through essential sources, for example, meeting, survey and contextual investigation. The significant respondents that have information towards the theme will be meeting and survey approach will likewise be directed by convey various polls to the respondent to top off. Third Stage Subsequent to gathering all the pertinent information, the information will be dissect by utilizing an examination technique to break down whether the goal of the exploration has meet. The adequacy of the SMART passage in mitigates the floods and simplicity of traffic clog will be examined at this stage and another strategy for examination will be finished by contrasting the advantages when the development of SMART passage. At that point, the outcome will be introduced in the proposition itself. 1.6 Chapter Planned The exploration proposition fundamentally includes five parts which as demonstrated as follows: Section 1 Section 1 of the exploration proposition is only a brief on the examination proposition. In this part, a short presentation of SMART passage will be talked about. At that point the point, destinations, issue explanation and extent of study will be defined after perused the applicable data of SMART passage. Other than that, research procedure, the progression of part and arranging of section will likewise be distinguished at this stage. Finally, a work program will be set up by looking at the pre-arranged work and real work done all through the exploration proposition. Part 2 The destinations that figured in section 1 will be talked about more detail in this stage. In this section, the method of working and upkeep arrangement of SMART passage will be study and talked about by alluding to the books, diary and articles. In the mean time, the viability of the SMART passage in mitigates the flood and simplicity of traffic blockage will be detailed completely by alluding to the articles. At that point, the advantages of the SMART passage by contrasting the when its development will be distinguished and talked about at this stage. Part 3 This part is essentially center around the procedure utilized in setting up the examination proposition. Clearly, the system utilized which is essential information. Meeting and poll will be led by meet an individual who had information on the SMART passage, for example, Architect, Engineer and Quantity Surveying. Poll will be dispersed to the street clients that utilizations SMART passage in any event multiple times in seven days. Part 4 After the assortment of essential and auxiliary information, a detail examination will be done by utilizing the SPSS programming to ascertain the result. This will be applied to the poll gathered after topped off by the street clients and the meeting being directed with the Architect, Quantity Surveyor or Engineers while the meeting will be break down by composing it into a paper structure in research proposition. Section 5 Section 5 is the end part arranged after the examination of the information gathered. A potential suggestion will likewise be created so as to give elective answer for the announcement as expressed in Chapter 1. 1.7 Summary of the Proposal Stream Chart 1: Summary of the proposition Source: Wong Yee Vern 2.1 Introduction In the time of 2001, Government has sort out an answer that would permit a serious flood to go into the city without flooding or cause harm to the downtown area. A thought was proposed by the Government to actualize an undertaking named SMART Project by developing a passage which fill a double need in mitigates the flood issue and simplicity of traffic blockage. The acquirement technique for this undertaking is plan and fabricate contract and is complete by a joint endeavor between Malaysian Mining Corporation and Gamuda Sdn Bhd. In the mean time, the conce

Free Essays on Pulp Fiction And Its Religious Thought

also, are looting the café that they were eating at. This beginnings the film, yet later you understand this parts of the bargains, in the genuine request it would be inside the primary hour. Mash Fiction† has three primary characters Jules, Vincent, and Butch, yet there is other optional character. Every one of these characters carries something to the film they are not simply cutout characters. Tarantino makes a marvelous showing ensuring that every individual has profundity and some feeling of trustworthiness. There is no place this is increasingly clear then in the improvement of Jules and Vincent. Jules and Vincent are recruited firearms for a crowd manager named Marcellus Wiley. Vincent has a bind to Tarantino’s first film â€Å"Reservoir Dogs† in which one of the characters is named Vic Vega. Is this his cousin or sibling remaining in the privately-owned company? The greatest thing with the narrative of Jules and Vincent is that there is broad exchange. They talk a considerable amount and this is amazingly not the same as the picture that is put out in huge amounts of other horde films. Another thing that makes it complex is that they don't simply murder witho... Free Essays on Pulp Fiction And Its Religious Thought Free Essays on Pulp Fiction And Its Religious Thought Mash Fiction what's more, Religious Thought â€Å"Pulp Fiction† has become the â€Å"Citizen Kane† of this age. It has roused thought and addressed film making rationale, as we had recently known it. Quentin Tarantino composed and coordinated this film, which has been a faction great since its origination in 1995. Numerous individuals will mention to you what makes Pulp Fiction astounding is it regard for detail, while others may state it is the way the story’s clarified. Quentin Tarantino put in everything about somebody coming out of his film may address, yet it is this detail that leaves those scrutinizing. The film begins with a blast as you wind up in a café with a flawless couple as they talk you discover they are not unreasonably exquisite. The before you know it they are utilizing various revile words and are looting the café that they were eating at. This beginnings the film, yet later you understand this parts of the bargains, in the genuine request it would be inside the main hour. Mash Fiction† has three principle characters Jules, Vincent, and Butch, however there is other optional character. Every one of these characters carries something to the film they are not simply cutout characters. Tarantino makes a mind blowing showing ensuring that every individual has profundity and some feeling of genuineness. There is no place this is increasingly evident then in the improvement of Jules and Vincent. Jules and Vincent are employed firearms for a horde manager named Marcellus Wiley. Vincent has a bind to Tarantino’s first film â€Å"Reservoir Dogs† in which one of the characters is named Vic Vega. Is this his cousin or sibling remaining in the privately-owned company? The greatest thing with the narrative of Jules and Vincent is that there is broad exchange. They talk a considerable amount and this is very not quite the same as the picture that is put out in huge amounts of other crowd films. Another thing that makes it complex is that they don't simply slaughter witho...

OReilly Primes

O’Reilly Primes Before you ask where my blog title (The McGann Factor) came from, Ill just come right out and tell you: Ben made me choose it. But Ive grown to really like it, for a few reasons. Certainly, it is a swiping of the nomenclature of a certain telecasters forum. Now I dont care much for that telecasters politics, but within that nomenclature you can a couple nerdy things that I like. First, the word factor, which is something I like to do to numbers. You could not imagine my joy when earlier this summer I realized that my nine-digit social security number is prime. I dont quite recall how the topic came up, but as we were talking, I was applying various divisibility tests. I wasnt certain, though, until I got to a factoring program, since I didnt know the divisibility tests for larger primes (if you can factor nine-digit composite numbers in your head and Im not talking about easy ones like 10^8 or 2^27 here you should totally list that as a talent on your application). Number theory is fun stuff. If you havent read a biography of mathematician Paul Erdos, Id recommend that as fun end-of-summer reading. Second, the obscured telecasters name is OReilly, which is also the name of the publisher of every good nerds favorite programming books. The other day, I was thinking back fondly to the days when OReillys Programming Perl was one of my best friends. You may or may not know that the OReilly books are noted for their friendly animal mascots; for example, my Perl books mascot was a camel, and Javas mascot is a tiger. This got me thinking that the various OReilly animals would make a great component to a Mystery Hunt puzzle. I brought this up to one of my housemates, Josh, who was on the winning 2003 Mystery Hunt team, and thus got to write Mystery Hunt 2004. His reply was, We did have an OReilly puzzle, dude. I was suddenly reminded that yes, in fact, there was an OReilly puzzle of sorts, and it was one of the coolest aspects of this past years Hunt. Josh, through connections still unknown to me, had been able to slip a cluephrase into the Perl Cookbook, Second Edition before it went t o press. The penultimate step of the puzzle gave you an ISBN (for the Perl Cookbook) and page number, which sent my teammates scouring the libraries for a copy of this new book. We were all in awe of Joshs ability to slip in the clue months beforehand. I feel bad for going off on a large Mystery Hunt tangent without talking in depth about it, but thats a topic for another entry. Until then, my friends, keep factoring those large numbers, and never lose sight of whats truly important (such as the Mystery Hunt). Current music: Alice In Chains, I Stay Away (old school grunge) Post Tagged #Mystery Hunt

Til Death By William Faulkner - 1567 Words

‘Til Death In literature, readers often see topics that one can relate to; topics that mimic everyday life, personal anecdotes or situations one has experienced . â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† a fictional story written by William Faulkner, shares eerily similar details with an article written in the Philadelphia Inquirer on January 30, 1987, â€Å"A Woman’s Wintry Death Leads to a Long-dead Friend,† by Dick Pothier and Thomas J. Gibbons JR. Faulkner’s narrator depicts the reclusive life of Miss Emily Grierson and the events leading to the discovery of a dead man’s body that had been locked away in her 2nd story bedroom for over forty years. In the article, Pothier and Gibbons report how a woman named Frances Dawson Hamilton was found to have â€Å"lived with the skeletonized remains† of her long-time companion for over two years after being discovered frozen to death in her home (153). Faulkner’s short story heavily relies on the narrator’s kn owledge in addition to his point of view and experiences whereas Pothier and Gibbons report facts observed on scene or learned from interviews of neighbors, police, and investigators. Although fear of solitude initially motivated both women to behave so outlandishly, it is the authors’ distinct portrayal that illustrates each individual’s intentions. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† Faulkner employs a narrator to describe Emily Grierson, a recently deceased old woman. Apart from her manservant, she does not interact with others, save for a short period of time inShow MoreRelatedDelprà ¸ve 11607 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Authoritative† fortà ¦ller noget om den mà ¥de han tà ¸rrede sin overlà ¦be pà ¥, det vil sige det fortà ¦ller noget om verbet. ï  beskriver †flourish† (substantiv) 4 attentively Ordklasse: Mà ¥desadverbiumï   Forklaring: â€Å"Attentively† beskriver den mà ¥de de lyttede til drengen, altsà ¥ beskriver det verbet. (ï  )†listen† 5 incredulously Ordklasse: Mà ¥desadverbiumï   Forklaring: â€Å"Incredulously† beskriver den mà ¥de hun stirrede pà ¥ ham og fortà ¦ller igen noget om verbet. (ï  ) †stared† 6 demurely Ordklasse: Mà ¥desadverbiumï  

Direct Commands in Spanish The Imperative Mood

The imperative form of verbs, used for giving commands, is one of the more unusual in Spanish. As a distinctive conjugation, it exists only with tà º and vosotros, in the familiar second person. Different conjugations are sometimes used in the affirmative (do something) and negative (dont). Because direct commands sometimes can sound rude or impolite, native speakers often avoid the imperative in favor of other verb constructions. Easy to Learn The imperative form of verbs is fairly easy to learn. For regular verbs, the familiar affirmative imperative (the one that goes with tà º and vosotros) is formed by dropping the final letter (the r) of the infinitive, except for verbs ending in -ir, in which case, the ending is changed to -e. In the plural, the final letter of the infinitive is changed to a d. For formal and negative commands, the subjunctive conjugation is used. The imperative form is equivalent to the use of the unconjugated verb in English without a subject. For example, if youre telling someone in English to look, the command is look. The Spanish equivalent can be mira, mire, mirad or miren, depending on whom you are speaking to. Direct Commands for -ar  Verbs Using hablar (to speak) as an example, the conjugations include: Singular familiar: habla tà º, no hables tà º speak, dont speakSingular formal: hable Ud., no hable Ud. speak, dont speakPlural familiar: hablad vosotros, no hablà ©is vosotros speak, dont speakPlural formal: hablen Uds., no hablen Uds. speak, dont speak Use the imperative form only for the familiar affirmative commands. In other cases, use the present subjunctive conjugation. The same is true for -er and -ir verbs. Direct Commands for -er Verbs Using comer (to eat) as an example, the conjugations include: Singular familiar: come tà º, no comas tà º eat, dont eatSingular formal: coma Ud., no coma Ud. eat, dont eatPlural familiar: comed vosotros, no comà ¡is vosotros eat, dont eatPlural formal: coman Uds., no coman Uds. eat, dont eat Direct Commands for -ir Verbs Using escribir (to write) as an example, the conjugations include: Singular familiar: escribe  tà º, no escribas tà º write, dont writeSingular formal: escriba Ud., no escriba Ud. write, dont writePlural familiar: escribid vosotros, no escribà ¡is vosotros write, dont writePlural formal: escriban Uds., no escriban Uds. write, dont write The pronouns are included in the above charts for clarity. The familiar pronouns (tà º and vosotros) are usually omitted in actual use unless needed for clarity or emphasis, while the formal pronouns (usted and ustedes) are more often used. Tips for Using the Imperative Mood Use of the imperative is fairly straightforward, but learning a few guidelines will help you to use it correctly. The singular affirmative familiar imperative (used with tà º) is usually regular. The irregular verbs are these eight, along with verbs derived from them: Decir, di to sayHacer, haz to make or doIr, ve to goPoner, pon to putSalir, sal to leaveSer, sà © to beTener, ten to haveVenir, ven to come All verbs are regular in the plural affirmative familiar imperative. The vosotros commands are rarely used in Latin America. Normally, the ustedes form is used when speaking even with children or relatives. Object pronouns and reflexive pronouns are attached to the affirmative commands and precede negative commands, for example: Dime. Tell me.No me digas. Dont tell me.Escrà ­beme. Write to me.No me escribas. Dont write to me. When a pronoun is attached, add an accent to the verb to maintain the correct pronunciation. If there is a direct and indirect object, the indirect object comes first, as in: Dà ©melo. Give it to me.No me lo dà ©. Dont give it to me. In written instructions, use either the familiar or formal forms, depending on the tone you want to convey as well as your audience. The familiar form generally comes across as friendlier, as in: Haz clic aquà ­. Click here.Haga clic aquà ­. Click here. You can also use the impersonal command. Some writers put commands between exclamation points to help indicate that they are commands. When you use it this way, the exclamation marks dont necessarily translate to written English, as in,  ¡Escucha! (Listen.)

Gypsum Seting Time Free Essays

g [pic] Faculty of engineering Civil engineering department ENCS 314 Building material lab Experiment No. 1516 â€Å"Determination of water content used to prepare gypsum samples and the determination of the final setting for gypsum† Prepared by: Rasha Abed 1031107 Partners: Hazem No’man 1060155 Mohammed Hashlamoun 1060173 Ehab Alawi 1051449 Instructor: Ms. Randa Al- Asmar Date of experiment: 25-03-2008 Date of submitting: 01-04-2008 â€Å"Determination of water content used to prepare standardized gypsum samples and the determination of the final setting for gypsum† Introduction: In civil engineering, gypsum plays a role as a building material that contributes to many products such as cement and plaster. We will write a custom essay sample on Gypsum Seting Time or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this experiment, we investigated some properties considering hardening of gypsum, such as the standard water content and setting time. Aim of the experiment: – Determination of the proper water content to prepare gypsum paste samples – Determination of the final setting time for gypsum paste. Theory: Standard water content: amount of water added to gypsum to form a paste that’d allow the pointer of Vicat’s apparatus to descend to a point (30-32) mm above the base of the mold. Setting time of Gypsum: the amount of time that passes from the moment of adding water to the gypsum paste (would be already determined); to the moment that Vicat’s needle would descend to reach 3 mm above the base of the mold. Apparatus: †¢ Determination of the water content: – Vicat apparatus – Balance – Metal tray – Graduated cylinder †¢ Determination of the setting time for gypsum: – Vicat’s apparatus (the pointer is replaced by Vicat’s needle of 10 mm diameter. – Stop watch Procedure: †¢ Determination of the water content: . A 200 gm sample of gypsum is prepared, and put over a plate, to be added with a specified amount of water. 2. The gypsum is mixed thoroughly with water for 3 minutes, to form a moist paste. 3. A part of the paste is poured in the Vicat’s mold, until the mold is filled completely with the paste and the surface of the mold is rimmed. 4. Vicat’s mold is applied on the ba se of Vicat’s device. The pointer of the device is adjusted to just touch the surface of the mold, then left to fall freely under the influence of its weight. . The reading of Vicat’s pointer is taken. This reading indicates the depth that the pointer has reached above the base of the mold. 6. The experiment is repeated using a new sample each time; until the standard water content is reached (Vicat’s needle would reach a height of (30-32) mm above the base of the mold. †¢ Determination of the setting time for gypsum: 1. A 200 gm sample of gypsum is prepared. The amount of water determined in the previous experiment is added to the sample. 2. The gypsum is mixed thoroughly with water for 3 minutes, to form a moist paste, and then part of the paste is poured in the Vicat’s mold, until the mold is filled completely with the paste and the surface of the mold is rimmed. 3. Vicat’s mold is applied on the base of Vicat’s device. The needle of the device is adjusted to just touch the surface of the mold, then left to fall freely under the influence of its weight. 4. The reading of the device’s pointer is taken, until we reach a reading of 3mm. 5. The time needed for the needle of the device would descend to a height of 3mm above the base of the mold is recorded using a stop watch. Data and calculations: |measured depth |The amount |Trial no. | |from the base (mm) |of added water (%) | | |39 |48 |1 | |34 |49 |2 | |35 |48. |3 | |32 |50 |4 | |50 |Standard water content (%) | |4. 16 |setting time (minutes) | Conclusion: As we can see from the results, the standard water content needed to prepare a standard gypsum paste = 50%, and we obtained a setting time = 4. 16, which compared to other building materials considered quick hardening. This advantage increases the role of gypsum as a component in Portland cement and plaster industry. [1] Engineering use: Gypsum is considered very valuable from the economical and industrial side, since it can be found a lot in nature. It can be used to manufacture plaster moldings (ceramic industry and engineering industry). Also gypsum plays apart in cement industry (for example: Gypsum cement and Portland cement). Many new techniques have been developed get benefit from gypsum and Portland cement. these techniques uses both the advantages of gypsum (early hardening, high early strength, enhanced workability) and Portland cement (improved durability in moist conditions), but are free of the deleterious effect of ettringite and thaumasite, which are formed when gypsum and Portland cement interact. Such properties enhance the workability of cement. [2][3] References: [1]: http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL=B6V2G-4BRRGD8-2=10=1==search=d=c=C000050221=1=0=10=4e71cbde7aba9b4d1338fea79920ab39 [2]: http://www. sciencedirect. com/science? _ob=ArticleURL=B6TWG-40GRJTP-7=10=1==search=d=c=C000050221=1=0=10=5c7ed60e8eed63f2ad9c9a5412b00080 [3]: http://www. apitco. org/Profiles/Gypsum%20based%20building%20materials. pdf How to cite Gypsum Seting Time, Papers

HDI as a Measure of Human Development

Question: Discuss about the HDI as a Measure of Human Development? Answer: 1. Gross Domestic Product is known as GDP which is referred to as the money value of the total finished services as well as products within the territory of a country in a particular period of time (Blanchard and Johnson, 2013). GDP is calculated in quarterly basis as well as on yearly basis. The most important measure of standard of living is the measure of real per capita GDP. It can be said that the increased per capita GDP might be at the increased pollutions costs which will lead to a decline in the living standards of the rise in GDP. GDP is used to measure the Purchasing Power Parity. Thus, it assists to measure the real costs of living. Thus, it can be possible for the economists to compare the PPP of different countries (Goodhew, 2013). GDP is generally measured in dollars. Japanese measure GDP in Yen. Thus, the Japanese will convert the GDP to dollars to compare it with Yen. The conversion process will be done by Yen/Dollar. 2. GDP per capita may not be a good measure especially in the case of measuring living standards and the economic welfare. It is said to be an average and hence it fails to capture the picture of inequality, poverty and other economic activities (Gordon, 2012). It cannot measure the leisure value and also the longevity value. As an example, it can be said that a traffic jam will raise the GDP due to an increasing utilisation of gasoline but the quality of life or the living standards will be hampered by this. GDP per capita failed to capture this. The HDI can be used to measure the standard of living or countrys well-being (Ram and Ural, 2013). Table 1: Top ten countries (GDP level- 2010) It fails to determine the living standards and the well-being of the countries. Thus, to measure well-being and the living standards, it is better to use HDI, HPI etc. (Al-Hilani, 2012). Figure 1: Country-wise GDP Source: (Author) 3. To do a comparative analysis, the researcher can take India as developing country and US as developed country. Here, HDI is taken to show the standard of living trends between two countries. Table 2: UNDP report on HDI Source: (HumanDevelopmentReports, 2016) From table 2, it can be said that in the US, the HDI value had risen marginally in 2014 from 2013. Thus, a very high HDI can be seen in the US according to the UNDP report. In the case of India, the value is also increasing and in 2014, the value is 0.609. The rank is 131 according to the report of UNDP. It will imply that a medium HDI can be seen in India. Table 3: HDI growth (Dept, 2014) From table 3, it can be seen that the rate of HDI growth diminishes in 2010-2014. In the case of US, the rate has changed marginally but in the case of India, the rate has declined from 1.67 to 0.97. Figure 2: HDI in US and India Figure 2 has also shown the upward trend from the last 7 years. Table 4: Components (HumanDevelopmen ReportsComponents. 2016) There are some components include in the HDI Life expectancy, expected schooling years and mean schooling years, GNI per capita (Mankiw, 2012). HDI is said to be a composite index which measures the average achievement in basic 3 dimensions of development in human, these are a healthy as well as long life, standard of living and knowledge. Life expectancy is referred to as the number of period an infant newborn can expect to live. For knowledge, expected schooling years and mean schooling years will be taken. The first one is referred to as the entrance age of schooling which can be expected if age particularity enrolment is persisted. Mean schooling years refers to the average years of education which an individual can receive. GNI per capita is an economys aggregate income that is generated from its production and factors of productions ownership. It can be converted to global dollar value by utilising PPP divided by the population of midyear. Thus, by visualising table 4, it can be said that it will take more than 20 years to be doubled if there are no economic fluctuations in both of the countries. 4. The standard of living is referred to as the wealth level, level of comforts, necessities and material goods which are available in a general socioeconomic class under a specific geographical territory. The standards of living in the countries of NMSs have converged in a rapid manner towards the mean living standard of Europe in the first 10 years of this new century. In this region, many countries like Bulgaria, Baltic countries etc., per capita GDP has been adjusted for PPP. It has assisted in comparing the standard of living of different countries. It had raised greater than 100 percent in the year 1999-2008, but in case of euro areas Member States, the similar indicator had increased only by 30% on an average. However, the convergence rates of the standards of living of the NMS were not at all similar from 1999 to 2008. The countries were divided into two parts on the basis of convergence path. In the first group, Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic were there and the highest standard of living was seen. In the second group, the rate of convergence was too slower over the 10 years. The countries present in the second group were Romania, Bulgaria, Baltic countries. The declination size of PPP-adjusted per capita GDP of the second groups countries in 1999 and many problems of them in the year 2009 has returned the convergence before the crisis had raised a question of imbalances. Latvia and Estonia had a CAD of 10% of the GDP levels whereas Bulgaria was present at 9% of the GDP level. The countries except Hungary belonging from the first group stood at CAD less than 5% of GDP. Thus, convergence and divergence had also arisen due to CAD effects in GDP (Moukarzel, 2013). The PPP adjusted per capita GDP extrapolation in 2010 had shown that living standard had resumed its increasing trend in most of the countries of NMSs in the year 2009-2010. However, it had faced a slower pace in between 1999 to 2008. This had confirmed that there were a lasting de-convergence did not occur. However, it can be said in this context that the global financial crisis adversely affected the process of convergence (Kokkoris, 2014). In 2010, there was another slowdown in the standard of living increment in comparison with the past decade which was relatively high pronounced for the countries belonging from the second group. The slowdown had arisen in the second group due to some macroeconomic imbalances. Thus, the countries belonging from the second group should perceive sustainable strategies of growth (Alonazi and Thomas, 2014). References Al-Hilani, H. (2012). HDI as a Measure of Human Development: A Better Index than the Income Approach?. 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